How to Plan a Fire Alarm System During New Construction

Designing a fire alarm system during new construction is far more efficient—and cost-effective—than retrofitting after a building is completed. For contractors, developers, and project managers, early planning ensures the system integrates seamlessly with sprinklers, cabling, building layout, and local codes. This guide breaks down the steps for planning a compliant, reliable, and future-ready fire alarm system from the ground up.

1. Understand Code Requirements Early

Start by reviewing applicable codes and standards:

• NFPA 72 (National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code): Defines design, installation, and testing requirements.
• IBC (International Building Code): Specifies occupancy-based fire alarm requirements, device locations, and system types.
• Local amendments: Cities or municipalities may have stricter rules regarding system monitoring, alarm placement, or voice evacuation.

Tip: Integrating code review early avoids costly redesigns during construction.

2. Coordinate with Other Systems

Fire alarm systems do not operate in isolation. Coordination is key:

• Sprinkler systems: Ensure alarms trigger sprinklers correctly and coordinate water flow detection devices.
• Access control and security: Fire panels may interface with door locks, elevator recalls, and security systems.
• HVAC and smoke control: Alarm activation can trigger smoke dampers, pressurization, and exhaust fans.
• Lighting and emergency signage: Exit signs and emergency lights must illuminate appropriately during an alarm.

Early integration reduces conflicts and ensures seamless system performance.

3. Determine System Type and Coverage

Depending on building type, size, and occupancy:

• Conventional systems: Suitable for small buildings with simple layouts.
• Addressable systems: Better for larger or high-rise buildings where precise device location matters.
• Voice evacuation systems: Recommended for large public spaces like auditoriums, hospitals, or campuses.

Key consideration: Map zones according to occupancy, floor plans, and high-risk areas to ensure proper coverage.

4. Plan Cabling and Infrastructure

Proper cabling and device placement are critical for long-term reliability:

• Wire pathways: Coordinate with electricians to avoid interference and maintain code-compliant distances.
• Power requirements: Backup power via batteries or generators must meet NFPA 72 standards.
• Device placement: Smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual pull stations, horns, strobes, and speakers must be strategically located.

Pro tip: Document cable routes and device locations early to minimize conflicts with walls, ceilings, and other building systems.

5. Permitting and Approvals

Before installation begins:

• Submit fire alarm plans for municipal review and approval.
• Ensure all system designs comply with NFPA 72, IBC, and local amendments.
• Obtain permits for installation, wiring, and testing.

Note: Early coordination with the local fire marshal or authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) can prevent inspection delays.

6. Test and Commission During Construction

Testing during construction ensures devices function before walls, ceilings, and finishes are complete:

• Device testing: Verify detectors, pull stations, horns, strobes, and speakers.
• Panel verification: Ensure control panels communicate with all devices correctly.
• Integration checks: Confirm system interfaces with sprinklers, access control, and HVAC systems.

Benefit: Issues are easier and less costly to fix before construction is finalized.

7. Document Everything

Maintain thorough documentation for compliance, future maintenance, and insurance purposes:

• Device and panel layouts
• Wiring diagrams
• Commissioning reports
• Permits and code review approvals

Tip: Digital documentation and cloud storage simplify handoffs to facility management teams.

8. Real-World Example: Commercial Office Tower

A developer planning a 20-story office tower coordinated fire alarm design during framing:

• Addressable system integrated with sprinklers, elevators, and access control
• Voice evacuation for conference areas and atriums
• Pre-approved plans expedited inspections and reduced installation delays

Outcome: Smooth construction timeline, code compliance, and a fully functional, reliable fire alarm system at move-in.

9. Best Practices for Contractors and Developers

• Engage NFPA-certified fire alarm engineers early.
• Coordinate schedules between electricians, HVAC, sprinklers, and IT teams.
• Review building occupancy and hazards to determine system type and coverage.
• Plan for future expansion or technology upgrades.
• Conduct pre-final inspections and commissioning before occupancy.

Conclusion

Planning a fire alarm system during new construction is critical for safety, compliance, and cost efficiency. By coordinating with sprinklers, access control, and other building systems, ensuring proper cabling and coverage, obtaining permits, and testing thoroughly, contractors and developers can deliver a reliable, code-compliant system from day one. Koorsen Fire & Security partners with construction teams to design and install fire alarm systems that integrate seamlessly, comply with NFPA and IBC standards, and provide long-term protection. Contact Koorsen Fire & Security today to plan your next project.